📘 Screen: Depreciation

Depreciation is the screen where the company tracks the assets that lose value over time: the tractor, the combine, the center pivot, the barn, the dryer. For each asset you enter what it cost, when it started depreciating and how many years it lasts; upCampo calculates each month's depreciation and creates the accounting entry. If you already track assets in another system (your accounting firm's, for example), you can instead enter each month's amount, and upCampo posts that amount.

The assets come from the Fleet / Farm Assets register: you don't register the machine again here. This screen only adds the depreciation data to each one.

📍 Location in the system

Menu: Accounting > Depreciation

It sits in the Entries group of the Accounting menu, after Accounting entries. Like every screen in the web portal, it appears only to users who have its permission (015.006), granted in File > Users. Overview in the Quick Guide - Accounting.

🚦 Where to start

1. To check tab. Lists the own assets in the register that don't have depreciation yet. For each one, decide: does the asset depreciate or not?
2. Asset that doesn't depreciate (an old implement, a tool): click Not depreciated. It leaves the list.
3. Asset that depreciates: click Open the asset and fill in, on the Assets tab, what it cost, when it started depreciating and its useful life in years. Save.
4. Month tab. Check how much each asset will depreciate in the month and where it goes.
5. Generate the month. upCampo saves the depreciation entry.

Purchase values don't exist anywhere else in the system: the equipment register doesn't store what the asset cost. That's why you enter them here, asset by asset.

🧩 Main function

At the top, outside the tabs, are the month controls:

The screen has five tabs: Assets, To check, Month, Book × tax and Settings.

🚜 Assets tab

The grid shows all assets in the equipment register, of any type (Fleet, Equipment, Farm asset, Other), whether they have depreciation or not. Pick one in the list and fill in the form above it, laid out in blocks, in the order you fill them.

👤 Who calculates depreciation

📝 Fields

In "upCampo calculates" mode, Asset value, Depreciation start and Useful life are required. The buttons are Save, Not depreciated (marks the asset as excluded from depreciation without asking for values) and Remove depreciation (removes the depreciation data from the asset; the asset stays in the equipment register and anything already posted stays).

The asset grid

Columns: Asset, Type, Depreciates, Who calculates, Asset value, Start, Useful life, Goes to, Month depreciation, Accumulated to the month and Disposal. Every column has a filter in its header. Month depreciation and accumulated depreciation are for the month chosen at the top.

⚠️ To check tab

What is missing for depreciation to be complete. Nothing here stops you from generating the month: an incomplete asset is left out of the generation and shows up here.

The buttons are Open the asset (takes you to the Assets tab with that asset selected) and Not depreciated.

📅 Month tab

What Generate the month will post, asset by asset and destination by destination, before saving: Asset, Goes to, Season, Crop, Hours and Amount, with the month's total at the top. It uses the same calculation as the generation.

🧮 How depreciation is calculated

In "upCampo calculates" mode, it is straight-line, the same every month:

It runs from the start month until the asset reaches the residual value, counting prior depreciation, and never after the disposal month. In the last month, only what is left to reach the residual is posted.

An example (illustrative numbers): an asset worth R$ 500,000.00, with a residual of R$ 50,000.00 and a useful life of 10 years (10% a year).

If the farm had already depreciated R$ 90,000.00 of that asset before using upCampo (Prior depreciation), R$ 360,000.00 is left to depreciate, or 96 months.

🔁 Revision: changing value, useful life or residual

Did the estimate change (the machine will last less, the residual dropped)? Change the field and pick in The change applies from the month of the change. Earlier months stay as they were. From there on, what is left to depreciate is divided by the remaining months of life:

In the example above, after 18 months (R$ 67,500.00 accumulated), the useful life goes from 10 to 5 years: 42 months and R$ 382,500.00 remain, or R$ 9,107.14 per month. Changing the Depreciation start recalculates everything from the beginning.

🎯 Where depreciation goes

📤 Asset disposal

With Asset disposal and Reason filled in, the asset depreciates up to the disposal month and, when that month is generated, upCampo posts the asset write-off:

The sale amount comes in through the outbound invoice, with the sales revenue. The gain or loss is the difference between the revenue and the cost of the disposed asset.

⚖️ Book × tax tab

Accounting always posts the book depreciation. Tax depreciation is control only: this tab shows, per asset and for the chosen year, the book and tax depreciation for the year, the accumulated amounts and the differences, so the accountant can carry them to the tax adjustments. The company's tax regime is chosen on the Settings tab:

⚙️ Settings tab

Shows the Depreciation panel, the same as on the Inventory and assets tab of the Accounting setup (changing it here changes it there), and the Tax depreciation panel, with the company's tax regime.

• How it is posted, below the panel title: Automatic, when the month is generated or Manual (Accounting entries screen) (the generation doesn't post depreciation, and the accountant posts it through Manual entry).
• The accounts, one line per destination and for the disposal:
  • For expense: Depreciation · Accumulated depreciation.
  • For indirect costs: Indirect production costs · Accumulated depreciation.
  • For the crop (work order hours): Crop in formation (the crop's account) · Accumulated depreciation.
  • Disposal: accumulated depreciation: Accumulated depreciation · Fixed asset.
  • Disposal: cost of the disposed asset: Cost of disposed assets · Fixed asset.
  Only the first one is required. The others only need an account when an asset uses that destination or is disposed of; without the account, the entry stays pending and says which one is missing.

❓ Frequently asked questions